Mrs. Meier

Citation: Zelma M. Mitchell v. Lovington Good Samaritan Center, 555 NM 2d, 696 (1976) Facts: Mrs. Mitchell was terminated from her position at Lovington good Samaritan Center because of an argument that broke out with the director of the center, Mr. Smith, and the Director of nursing, Mrs. Stroope. It is said by the company that Mrs. Mitchell was terminated for alleged misconduct. After the termination Mrs. Mitchell applied for unemployment compensation and was denied. She appealed the case and was then awarded the benefits. After being awarded the benefits the defendant in the case appealed the court’s decision to give Mrs. Mitchell the benefits and they reversed that decision and the benefits were taken from Mrs. Mitchell. She again appealed the decision of the courts. Ultimately with the definition of â€Å"misconduct† take Issues: The issue in the case is that there is a back and forth story in what misconduct is and what happen the day Mrs. Mitchell was terminated. The defendant’s case is a history of misconduct and the plaintiff is thinking only about the day she was terminated. Mr. Smith is saying that the incident where Mrs. Mitchell called himself and Mrs. Stroope â€Å"Birdbrains† was the last straw. Rule: In order to establish misconduct the defendant must prove the Mrs. Mitchell was â€Å"evincing such willful or complete disregard of the employer’s interests as is found in deliberate violations or disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of his employee, or in carelessness or negligence of such degree or recurrence as to manifest equal culpability, wrongful intent or evil design or to show an intentional and substantial disregard of the employer’s interests or of the employee’s duties and obligations to his employer. Analysis: The courts found that with the definition of misconduct adopted into the system that Mrs. Mitchell’s acts were in fact constituted as misconduct. Starting with her insubordination, improper attire, name calling and other actions evinced blatant disregard to the way the center was ran and handled on a day to day basis. Conclusion: After the appeals of Mrs. Mitchell and Lovington Good Samari tan center, the decision of the commission to have Mrs. Mitchell’s benefits revoked was reinstated. Analogizing/Distinguishing- A similarity in the two cases is they are both applying for unemployment benefits and they were both fired for misconduct also they were both originally denied for benefits and they are both appealing the decision. The differences in the case are Mrs. Mitchell was terminated for not respecting the higher above and not doing her job when asked. Mrs. Attired was terminated for getting a visible tattoo when warned she should not do so. When asked to get the tattoo removed she chose not to and is now terminated from her position. Application to Client’s Facts- The facts in this case that could be applied to my case are that she did continuously pass the evaluations and was a good employee always had stuff to work on but never enough for the owner to terminate the client until â€Å"the last straw† which in this case is the tattoo and in my case was the disrespect in calling the operator a â€Å"bird brains†. Citation: Billie J. Rodman v. New Mexico Employment security department and Presbyterian Hospital, 764 NM 2d, 1316 (1988) Facts: The plaintiff Billie has been terminated from her job of 8 years for misconduct. She has been denied unemployment benefits because she was terminated for misconduct. She is appealing the decision from the district court to revoke benefits. It is said that over the years of her working at the Presbyterian Hospital she had received 3 corrective action notices. Prior to the termination, restrictions had been placed on Rodman’s conduct due to personal problems impacting her and the people she worked with. Rodman was reprimanded in June of 1986 for receiving to many personal telephone calls and personal visitors at her work station. They were disruptive to her work and the work of her co-workers. The formal reprimand informed Rodman that she was to no longer receive personal telephone calls and/or visitors during work hours. Unless it was at a designated break or dinner time, if she were to have visitors at break or dinner time they could not be visible to patients, co-workers, or the doctors in the hospital. After the reprimand extremely disruptive telephone calls and visits continued. Leading up to the day Rodman was terminated. Rodman was to make every effort to resolve the personal issues in her life so they would not affect her at work. Issues: At issue is whether the misconduct Mrs. Rodman is accused of warranted termination from employment at the hospital rose to the level of misconduct which would warrant denial of unemployment compensation under NMSA 1978, Section 51–1–7 of the Unemployment Compensation Law. Rule: In order to establish misconduct the defendant must prove that Billie Rodman was â€Å"evincing such willful or complete disregard of the employer’s interests as is found in deliberate violations or disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of his employee, or in carelessness or negligence of such degree or recurrence as to manifest equal culpability, wrongful intent or evil design or to show an intentional and substantial disregard of the employer’s interests or of the employee’s duties and obligations to her employer. After being reprimanded 3 times and the behavior continuing, the hospital had proof that the actions were documented and the plaintiff was warned they had no choice but to terminate said employee. Analysis: The court found with the evidence provided from the hospital that Mrs. Rodman was reprimanded and warned as the policy states. The hospital put up with the actions of Mrs. Rodman long enough, they had no choice but to terminate Mrs. Rodman After the disregard of the policy. The plaintiff continued with the behavior she was reprimanded for. Conclusion: Although the evidence in the case is amendable to more than one conclusion it is concluded that there was a substantial basis for the District Court to decide that the Plaintiff is not to receive unemployment benefits. Analogizing/Distinguishing- Citation: Its Burger Time Inc. v. New Mexico Department of Labor Employment security department board of review & Lucy Apodaca, 769 NM, 2d, 88 (1989) Facts: Lucy was terminated from her position at Its Burger time Inc. because of misconduct. Lucy came into work one day with purple tinted hair. She had previously asked her store manager John Pena how Mr. McGrath the owner of the cooperation would feel about it. Mr. Pena said he would ask he never asked and Lucy decided to dye her hair. Mr. McGrath sees the purple hair on Lucy and asked Mr. Pena to relay a message to her that she had a week to decide if she wanted her purple hair or her job. Lucy decided not to change her hair color and in doing so she was fired for misconduct. Mr. McGrath stated that it would affect the prosperity of his business. Lucy had no history of issues in the past year she had worked there and in the few days she was there with her purple hair there were no complaints from customers. A few times Lucy even received compliments on her hair color. Issues: The issue in this case is that the company terminated Lucy because of misconduct. According to the definition of misconduct Lucy choosing to keep her hair purple was not misconduct. The company gave Lucy an ultimatum and she chose to keep her hair purple. Rule: In order to establish misconduct the Plaintiff in this case must prove that Lucy was â€Å"evincing such willful or complete disregard of the employer’s interests as is found in deliberate violations or disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of his employee, or in carelessness or negligence of such degree or recurrence as to manifest equal culpability, wrongful intent or evil design or to show an intentional and substantial disregard of the employer’s interests or of the employee’s duties and obligations to her employer. On the other hand mere inefficiency, unsatisfactory conduct, failure in good performance as the result of inability or incapacity, inadvertencies or ordinary negligence in isolated instances, or good faith errors in judgment or discretion are not to be deemed ‘misconduct’ within the meaning of the statute. † In this case Lucy did not commit misconduct in any way she made a choice to color her hair and the company could not prove with documentation of policies or past problems that Lucy was a burden to the company. Analysis: The courts found that Lucy was terminated from the company for misconduct, but the company could not prove that she had committed misconduct. She had never had any problems in the past, she asked permission, and decided that she would dye her hair when given the ultimatum she choose to keep her hair purple. That is not what misconduct when given the definition. Conclusion: The district court is reversed and the decision of the Commission is reinstated. Lucy is now able to receive her unemployment benefits.

Commonly Misspelled English Words Stop Your Common Grammar

Commonly Misspelled English Words Stop Your Common Grammar Even native speakers find it difficult to memorize all the words. What should we say about those for whom English is not the first language? They always seek for help and count on professionals. We could not stand away from the problem and decided to present you our top of the most commonly misspelled words in America, UK, Canada, and Australia if you travel there. You’ll find some tips about grammar and spelling improvement as well in your searches. The English language is one of the most active languages in the world. It develops and gets new words and concepts every day. The sources are numerous: intercultural writers; jargons and slangs; new technologies; new sciences; new culture happenings. The list can continue for ages. Of course, it is not algebra.  If we think closer, we'll check and understand that there is only our imagination that limits us in improving English. There is an even more important fact. All of these words appear naturally. There are no regulations, archetypes, and laws. With the appearance of the Internet, communication has reached an absolutely new gap. However, this liberty opens Pandora's box. Bad news: the number of errors and misspellings commitment is high. Professional Writing Help Most Frequently Misspelled Words in America and Other English Language Countries We cannot say if these words are the hardest to spell in the world, but this corpus is always on the top in similar articles and posts. Here they are: Accommodate Deduction Millennial Flabbergasted Oblivious Not only do these words get difficult spelling, but they are also pretty difficult to be understood on the average. They have several lexical meanings, many times a way too different from each other. Some of them are very surprising (like ‘flabbergasted'). Writing and speaking them correctly from the first try is like getting into the best and the most beautiful college in the USA or Oxford. You’ll never experience such success again. Of course, it is a yellow newsletter joke. If a word in the dictionary were misspelled, how would we know? Steven Wright Read Most Commonly Misspelled Word Classes Every person who is fond of English can understand that there is no sense to make a full list of commonly misspelled or spelled in a wrong way words one by one. It is a very subjective topic, and a full list of risks to be several kilometers long. It is better to indicate the groups of words you should pay attention to: Latin words. Since the very invention of homework words originated from Latin had been a grain of sand in every student’s eye. Despite this language being officially dead (nobody speaks it during regular live conversations anymore), there are a lot of English words connected with it. They tend to be used. Many people, even in the USA or GB misspell or do not know how to use popular Latin abbreviations and stable constructions (e.g., per se, et cetera, AD). French words. Histories and languages of England and France are related more than you can think. Did you know that French has been an official language of Albion for several hundred years? There is no surprise that a lot of words have stayed in English at the moment if these two languages are compared. And, of course, French words have saved their (sometimes) weird spelling and pronunciation. Dialect words. Every state, county, or city has got its own unique language set. Sometimes it may not be as understandable as it seems. Even local East Side Americans face difficulties when they move to California colleges. Should we say more about Australia or Liverpool and people lived there? Jargonisms and terms. Conduct a little experiment. Go to the building site and try to understand all the words workers shout to each other. We bet you'll not hear even a half of familiar words. Go to any online public forum and count the number of the slang words there. Without looking into a dictionary, you will not only misspell it. You will barely understand what is going on. Is there any way out? Are there any techniques that will help you to improve your spelling and pronunciation? We have at least three ideas for you. How Not To Make Common Mistakes In Difficult Words for The Rest of Life? Here are some ways of getting comprehension and grammar clarity instantly. Your best friend in expelling your spelling mistakes is a dictionary. There is no need to buy lots of expensive books. There are some perfect sites you can use every day. The first one is, of course, the Merriam-Webster dictionary (or Oxford’s dictionary).   It will give you all possible definitions of the word, correct spelling and pronunciation, and some examples with this word used in the context. If you need to dip into specific, slang or jargon words so common in modern English now, you need to visit Urban dictionary. It is the biggest dictionary of all slang and weird words. The dictionaries offer the variants of spelling. Are you a kind of artistic person with good imagination and image thinking? Then you can listen to favorite music and learn the words from there. Pay attention to some old American songs, and you’ll learn all difficult words immediately. Get Instant Writing Help Finally, the finest way to learn all misspelled words and save health is just learning them. You just have to make a process easier. For example, write down some lists with difficult words and hang them in the most common places in your house. Somewhere where you will not miss them by any means. On the other hand, you can make some little cards with words on each side (this version of studying was invented in Sorbonne University). Write down the words you have problems with and read them from time to time. No matter what you choose, the main trick is your persistence shown daily and monthly and habit development. Pick new words and learn them every day by heart. Soon (just in one month) you will notice that any searched English word is a piece of cake for you.

Causes of Political Disaffection and Disengagement

Causes of Political Disaffection and Disengagement Is the British political class to blame for political disaffection and disengagement? The Founding Fathers suggested that a democracy can only come to impartial decisions if both high levels of representation and deliberation take place (Gargarella, 1998). As a result of growing political disengagement and disaffection within contemporary British politics, there is a growing, â€Å"focus on the quality of representative democracy in Britain and on the quality of participatory democracy† (Kelso, 2007, p365) – the relationship that has been recognised is that political disaffection and disengagement are not conducive with an impartial democracy. Worryingly, both the Hansard Society’s annual, ‘ Audit of Political Engagement’ (2017), and a recent House of Commons briefing paper, ‘Political disengagement in the UK: who is disengaged?† (2017), suggest that political disaffection and disengagement are growing issues; knowledge of politics is down six percent from the previous year (49%), the level of trust in Government ‘to put the needs of the nation first’ has dropped to 17% (2013) and trust in the credibility of MPs stands at a measly 9%. These figures indicate that there is indeed an issue of disaffection and disengagement within the UK, thus, to determine if the political class or instead, something else is responsible, it becomes necessary to investigate what the cause of disengagement and disaffection is within specific subsections of the population; especially those who are more likely to become disengaged from politics – the ‘disaffected democrats’ (Flinders, 2015). These factions include demographics such as the ‘working class’ and ‘18-24 year olds’, both of which account for low levels of knowledge in politics compared to the average mentioned above; 29% and 33% respectively (Hansard Society 2017). The term ‘political class’ is conten tious and, ‘is still not thoroughly developed in literature’ (Manolov 2013). Allen that the term political class is used to identify certain, ‘flawed characteristics’, that elected politicians tend to hold, those being: â€Å"Limited roots in local constituencies, inexperience of the real world, inability to reï ¬â€šect the social background of the voting population, inability to represent devolved and English regions, and their tendency to engage in a style of politics that is off-putting to the general public.† (Allen Phillips (1995), most notably suggested that the electorate tends to favour those that are, â€Å"best equipped to represent† (Wà ¤ngerud, 2009, p.52), their views – those that can empathise directly with their electorate. Underrepresentation is an issue for a much wider demographic than just the working class. Just 8% of MPs identify as BME (British Future, 2017) whilst the population of BME citizens in the UK stand s at 13% (Census, 2011). Furthermore, just 2% of MPs are under the age of 30 (Total Politics, 2016) whereas those who are of voting age under 30 make up 8.4% (Census, 2011). As the political class is not representative of the working class, or if it fails to represent minorities proportionally, there is no sense of, ‘impartiality’, within the representative process (Gargarella, 1998), resulting in political disaffection and potentially even disengagement.

Service recovery in consumer banking in China Dissertation - 1

Service recovery in consumer banking in China - Dissertation Example Moreover, the study also showed that the effectiveness of the same positively influenced the intention of the customers to stay with the banks (CUSTOMER LOYALTY). The importance of service recovery is usually taken into consideration when something in a service delivery goes wrong, Segelstrom and Howard (n.d.) discusses. Basically, the concept of service recovery is based on the fact that a company must take action to ensure that their customers or clients get the desired outcome notwithstanding the fact that the prior delivery has already failed. In addition thereto, it is through service recovery that the company in question rectifies their own processes in order to avoid the same mistake (Segelstrom and Howard n.d.). The importance of service recovery is usually the focus of researches within service management and service marketing (Bell and Zemke 1987; Bitner, Booms and Mohr 1994; Bitner, Booms and Tetreault 1990; Hart, Hesskett and Sasser Jr. 2000). According to the studies con ducted with respect to the said matter, service recovery is of paramount importance to the companies as the cost of attracting a new customer is significantly larger than retaining a new one (Bell and Zemke 1987; Hart, Heskett and Sasser Jr. 2000; Segelstorm and Howard n.d.). In addition thereto, researches conducted also pointed out that service failure and subsequent recovery positively affects the loyalty of the customers toward a certain company providing them with different kinds of services. The importance of service recovery was also discovered to be of paramount importance in financial institutions such as banks. In view of the same, this paper focuses on the analysis of service recovery and how it influences customer loyalty in banks.

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-commerce - Essay Example The changes brought about by the Internet have even broader implications. With the advent of Internet technology, every company becomes a global company, with the means and opportunity to buy and sell from, or strike an alliance with, any company, anywhere, anytime. This golden opportunity brings with it a level of complexity that surpasses anything that all but the most far-flung global enterprises have experienced to date. The recent explosion of information and information technology (IT) has induced corporate management to utilize its ingenuity in creating the best available means to manage the flow of information, control flow channels, and integrate the different assets (both hardware and software) of IT utilized by the different departments and divisions of the corporation. As companies invest heavily in information-based systems, they are vesting more (Cunningham 23-24). Like many processes, the design of a web site can be broken down into simple steps, and each step can then be further broken down in to tasks and actions. Most researches are based on the principle that most large projects can be reduced to ‘bite-sized chunks’, thus reducing the fear factor and avoiding the sense of being overwhelmed by the gargantuan nature of the task ahead (Coltman 57). Creating an action plan, setting achievable targets within sensible deadlines, and distributing responsibility appropriately, will ensure that the project moves forwards as smoothly as possible. There are four basic stages through which the planner has to move to create an effective project plan: awareness, familiarity, understanding and readiness (Eisenberg et al 38). The web is a publishing and communication medium, and as such it needs to be focused on the audience. As with any strategic development, the company should conduct some basic market research prior to the web site development. This will help keep the company planning process focused on the customer and demonstrate that the company is aware of the wider environment in which web site exists. There are many research tools and services on the web that can assist the company with this process (Eisenberg et al 49). When setting up a web site or e-business, the company should do as much research as it can to find out who is offering similar services on-line (and off-line). It is crucial to use search engines, company lists, newsgroups and word of mouth to get as much information on competitors as the company possibly can. Most importantly, the company should not stop researching once the e-company/dotcom is off the ground. It is important to carry on researching and refining (Nielsen 30). For organizations creating a new brand, or launching themselves on to the web for the first time, the selection of an effective domain name can be a difficult process. All the 'good' names seem to have gone, and the organization's preferred domain name might have been taken by someone with no apparent claim to that name (Lucas 98). Trademark and copyright issues aside, choosing a domain name is often simpler than many organizations think: the most important aspects are that it should be memorable, and easy to spell and type. Issues relating to brand reinforcement and literal, descriptive names are secondary, and can be dealt with by effective marketing and explanatory text on the web

Bank of America Financial Statements Research Paper

Bank of America Financial Statements - Research Paper Example These auditors provide a clean opinion on the financial statements as they are in done with the accordance of the law of the state and they value the client’s long standing relationship. PwC values their clients and they share a long and committed relation with their clients. The financial statements of Bank of America provide materialistic and factual evidence of subsequent events. The bank also provides a consolidated five year summary of the selected financial data in order to provide accurate results. The bank is divided into six business segments, which consists of deposits, global card services, home loans & insurance, global commercial banking, GBAM and GWIM. â€Å"Results of our operations through six business segments: Deposits, Global Card Services, Home Loans & Insurance, Global Commercial Banking, GBAM and GWIM, with the remaining operations recorded in all Other† (Bank of America, 2010). The auditors provide a clear report of the firm and they dedicate thei r report to the society. The reason for the bank’s downfall which has reduced its profits in the year 2010 was a decrease in the growth of assets. Similarly the bank has raised large amounts of debt in the last financial year and aims to improve its financial and capital strength. Bank of America is the one of the earth’s major financial organizations, serving individual customers, small- and middle-marketplace business and big businesses with a complete variety of asset management, investing, banking and other fiscal and risk management goods and services. The business offers unmatched expediency in the US, serving around 57 million customer and small business relations with around 5,900 retail banking offices and about 18,000 ATMs and award-winning online banking by way of 29 million active consumers. Bank of America is one amongst the world's foremost wealth management businesses and is a worldwide leader in business and trading and investment banking across a wide variety of asset classes, serving businesses, governments, organizations and persons around the world. â€Å"Bank of America does not undertake an obligation, and disclaims any duty, to update any of the information in

The Physiological Healing Process Of Soft Tissue Biology Essay

The Physiological Healing Process Of Soft Tissue Biology Essay It is imperative, as a sports therapist, to understand the process of soft tissue repair to develop a safe and effective management plan for clients injury problems. Understanding this, allows us to decide what modalities or interventions to apply. If certain therapy techniques or inappropriate exercises are applied, it can lead to further problems in the healing stages. A therapist cannot change the time is takes to heal an injury but can certainly make the stages more effective. There are four stages of healing that will be discussed in more detail later on in the essay. In the event of an injury, the process of healing that follows depends on the extent of the injury and the approximation of the wound sites stump ends. There are two types of tissue healing; primary and secondary intention. Healing by primary intention commonly occurs in minor wounds wherein the tissue separation is small and a bridge of cells bind the ends of the wound together, resulting in a small line of scar tissue. Healing by secondary intention occurs in more severe wounds, where the stump ends cannot be bridged as they are too far apart. The wound heals by producing tissue from around the wound to fill the space created by the wound. This can occur in second degree sprains where ligament tissue is torn and not surgically repaired. Secondary intention healing takes longer than primary and also results in a larger scar. Healing can be described as a continuum of changing events. There are four common stages to healing; bleeding, inflammation, proliferation and re-modelling. All the stages overlap considerably and are not separate. Figure 1 healing phases Diagram to illustrate the four stages of healing (Watson, 2009) Figure 1 shows a basic overview of the four stages. The phases are shown individually, but in reality, they are overlapped. Some events associated with one phase act as stimulant for the next phase. The first stage of soft tissue repair is bleeding. As a result of soft tissue damage; blood vessels are damaged as well. The severity of the bleeding depends upon the vascularity of the tissue involved. Muscles have a more increased vascularity than ligaments. This stage lasts around 6 to 8 hours depending on the tissue involved. The main focus of a sports therapists management would be to rest. It would be advisable to use crutches, stopping any weight bearing activity, as bleeding can start if the wound opens up again. A compression bandage could be considered to delay the onset of the inflammation phase. Restricting the intake of alcohol, aspirins and medications could be beneficial for the patient as these can thin the blood considerably. Once the body has moved into the haemostasis stage, bleeding will stop and the repair phase moves into the inflammation stage. The second stage of healing is inflammation. The shift from bleeding to inflammation is not clear, as there may be some bleeding in the start of the inflammation phase. Houglum (2005) identifies that there are five cardinal signs to inflammation; heat, redness, swelling, pain and loss of function. This is a normal and necessary process to healing and can take up to 2 to 3 days. The stage can be initiated by numerous events such as trauma, mechanical irritation and thermal or chemical insult. Houglum (2005, p.37) states that During inflammation, the injury is contained and stabilized and debris removed. There are two elements to the inflammatory events that occur in parallel; vascular and cellular. The vascular phase consists of close interaction between cells and chemicals, the process of chemotaxis taking place causing vascular permeability. Vascular permeability allows cells and chemicals that are in the blood stream to enter the injury site and perform their functions to heal the tissue. It is initially caused by histamine, a local hormone that is released by cells that enter the area due to which blood vessels get larger and leaker. As a result of this unwanted fluids and waste material are cleared. Histamine is a short lived hormone and its function is carried on by serotin and kinins. Kinins presence at the injury site is also short term and is followed by prostaglandin formation. There are two prostaglandins, one continuing the vascular permeability and one attracts leukocytes to the injury site. These prostaglandins stimulate repair or the damaged site and stimulate the stage into proliferation. As a result of vasodilation and vasopermeability there is an increase in f low volume, an increase in hydrostatic pressure and swelling. The other phase of the inflammation stage is cellular events where there is a migration of various cells to the injured area. Platelets release phospholipids which effectively stop the bleeding by stimulating a clotting mechanism. According to Houglum (2005, p. 38) Platelets also bind to the collagen fiber stumps that were exposed by the injury. Platelets can also release substances such as fibronectin, growth factors and fibrogen. Watson (2009) suggests that following the bleeding phase, fibrin and fibronectin form a solid layer that helps the adhesion of various cells, like a plug stopping the bleeding. As the healing stage progresses, the plug is replaced by type III collagen. Leakage from the blood vessels is stopped by the fibrin plug, which compromises their ability to remove the extra fluid from the area. However, later on fibrinolysin is released allowing drainage of excess fluid from the area. Within the first few hours of injury, white blood cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils start to remove debris from the site. As these are short lived, they are replaced by monocytes and macrophages. These exhibit a strong phagocytic activity that is responsible for the tissue debridement that takes place. Houglum (2005) argues that inflammation can become harmful if it is prolonged, further than the normal healing time. Generally an injury should be passed through to acute inflammation and then to healing. Conversely, if acute inflammation is interrupted there can be a negative effect and as a result the injury can move into chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation will result in a pus formation consisting of dead white blood cells. Failure of the body to deal with the initial insult is where healing fails to take place. As a result of this healing by fibrosis takes place where scar tissue is formed. The goal of a sports therapist would be to facilitate inflammation but minimizing it (Houglum, 2005). This would be accomplished by applying initial first aid using the price principles. Protection via bandages and supports to the injury would be applied to reduce the likeliness of further bleeding or swelling. Brukner and Khan (2007) suggest that rest, with the use of crutches for lower limb injury and a sling for upper limb, will help reduce the metabolic requirement around the injury site. Ice can slow down nerve conduction, which slows down the rate pain gets to the spinal cord, effectively reducing the pain sensation. Ice would also increase vasospasm, reducing uncontrolled swelling around the injury. Brukner and Khan (2007) also advise that compression and elevation reduce swelling around the area and can decrease the effect of hydrostatic pressure which helps to reduce pain around the site. Hands off techniques such as active movements in a pain free range can beneficial. Inflammation takes place in an anaerobic environment. After the macrophages clean up the injury site they recruit and activate other cells that start through anaerobic respiration where lactic acid is produced. Lactic acid stimulates the next stage of tissue repair named proliferation. The third stage of soft tissue repair is proliferation, the true phase of healing, when bleeding has completely stopped. Watson (2009) suggests that it is the restoration of tissue continuity with the deposition of repair tissue. The stage of proliferation has a rapid onset of 24 to 48 hours but takes much longer to reach its peak reactivity, between 2 to 3 weeks. If the tissue is more vascular, it will take a shorter time in reaching peak proliferation production. There are two fundamental processes involved in the repair which are fibroplasia and angiogenesis. The migration of fibroblasts is principally responsible for the development of new capillaries and extracellular matrix. A production of substances made by the fibroblasts will make up a matrix of collagen, proteoglycans and elastin which are required for vital scar tissue formation and proliferation. This migration to the injured site, allows fibroblasts to lay down collagen type III. Although, the fibre structure of type III collagen is weak, it helps provide the wounds primary tensile strength. It can be easily torn if too much stress is applied. Alongside fibroplasia, a process called angiogenesis takes place. Watson (2009) states à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦capillaries in the region of the tissue damage bud and grow towards the repair zone. Blood flow through the region is re-established, providing oxygen and nutrients while removing metabolic waste products. Oxygen is essential for many of the repair processes, but more importantly for collagen production. This process of tissue maturation continues into the remodelling phase. To facilitate the proliferation stage, a sports therapist should apply heat to increase the blood flow to the area, effectively bringing more oxygen to the injury site and allowing more collagen production. Houglum (2005) believes ultrasound promotes collagen and myofibroblast production. Ultrasound would facilitate the proliferation phase as there is an increased need of collagen and myofibroblasts. Brukner and Khan (2007) claim that proprioceptive work such as joint awareness and positional sense can help enhance general coordination which will help facilitate strength and endurance exercises required in the next stage. Nutritional support such as whey proteins and vitamin c can speed up the healing process. Various authors (Houglum, 2005 and Watson, 2009) identify that the remodelling stage normally starts at the peak of proliferation around 2-3 weeks and can last up to 18 months. Wound contraction starts and type III collagen are converted to type I, to stabilise and restore the injury site. As there is more type I collagen, it becomes more insoluble and less resistant to damage. Collagen fibres produce more cross links as fluid is reduced in the area, strengthening the structure of the scar. Eventually this cross linking becomes the major source of the scars tensile strength. The large numbers of capillaries produced in the proliferation phase are no longer needed and start to retreat. Fibroblasts migrated from the previous stage will also reduce. Visible changes can be seen, with the cellular changes taking place including the loss of scars red colour changing to white and then evening out with natural skin tone. Therapeutic interventions to facilitate the remodelling phase can be a range of exercises and deep tissue work. These can help the arrangement of collagen fibres. Houglum (2005, p.43) claims that: When collagen fibers are aligned in an organized, parallel fashion, collagen can form the greatest number of cross links and thereby possess optimal strength. In this organised arrangement, function and mobility is at its greatest degree and properly applied forces can enhance it. Khan and Scott (2009, p. 249) in their report confirm that: The benefits of loading include improved alignment of regenerating myotubes, faster and more complete regeneration, and minimisation of atrophy of surrounding myotubes. Physical stress is an important component in the development of quality tissue repair. With this in mind, resistance training can be considered. Brukner and Khan (2007) suggest that resistance training may stimulate collagen synthesis. Strength and power training such as squats, dead lifts, compounds lifts that use more than one joint will increase the strength not only in the wounded area but the overall body. Sports specific exercises and complex training can also help in this stage. Brukner and Khan (2007) identify that stretching will promote a flexible strong scar. These interventions can speed up the conversion of type III collagen fibres into type I. General factors that delay the healing process are age, protein deficiency, low vitamin c levels, steroids and NSAIDs and temperature when low. The local factors known to delay healing are a poor blood supply, adhesion to bone or other underlying tissue, continued inflammation, drying of the wound and excessive movement can restart inflammation. Bleeding, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling are the four stages of soft tissue repair that are distinct but overlapping. From a sports therapists perspective it is important we apply therapeutic intervention at the right time and the appropriate management in order to facilitate the repair process avoiding delays by entering the chronic inflammation phase. Each athlete or client has different post injury sporting goals, level of skill and degrees of competitiveness, which all influence the rehabilitation programme. Therapeutic exercise must be administered carefully without causing harm to the healing tissues if rehabilitation programs are to be successful.