Guidance (School) Counseling Essay - 2416 Words

Guidance (School) Counseling Guidance counseling, also called school counseling, has evolved over the years into an important part of the education system. Counselors are now taking on new roles in schools as leaders so much so that the ways in which counseling is being implemented has become a much talked about topic in schools. The effectiveness of counseling in schools is looked at by the education system more frequently than it was in the past. Though all school counselors must follow a national model for counseling, the roles and functions of counselors at various levels in the school system are different, however, school counselors at all levels of education before college are generally effective despite implications.†¦show more content†¦Before World War II, testing was used as a means of treating clients, however, American psychologist Carl Rogers later developed a theory that minimized advice-giving from the counselor and stressed conditions that made the client more in control of the counse ling content (Krumbultz Kolpin, 2003). The professional identity of the school counselor was furthered with the development of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) in the 1950s, whose model is nationally recognized today (Krumbultz Kolpin, 2003). In the 1970s there began to be an emphasis on the benefits that could be obtained with structured evaluations and on the accountability of services provided by school counselors, both of which are still emphasized today (Krumbultz Kolpin, 2003). Training standards and requirements were developed in the 1980s where counselors were â€Å"trained to adapt the educational environment to the student needs† (Krumbultz Kolpin, 2003, p. 976). In the 1990s school counseling was ignored as an important part of a student’s educational development with the development of the national educational standards and the school reform movement (Krumbultz Kolpin, 2003). The ASCA attempted to compensate by developing national standards for school counseling programs that clearly defined the roles and responsibilities of counseling programs and showedShow MoreRelatedA Comprehensive Competency Based School Counseling And Guidance And Counseling Program2350 Words   |  10 PagesThis document compiles a comprehensive competency-based school counseling and guidance and counseling program for the Boys and Girls Academy, which is an elementary public educational institution in Alief Independent School District. Alief ISD is a large, diverse urban district, and the Boys and Girls Academy serves approximately 1,000 PreK through fifth grade students. 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Cinema Paradiso Analytical Paper Free Essays

These also gave him hope in real life. But, movies were more detrimental to Toto. It made him blind to what reality is. We will write a custom essay sample on Cinema Paradiso Analytical Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now He had less focus on life because of the movies. Movies became blurred between reality and fantasy. One example was when his mother told him his father died. It is expected when a loved one dies, people mourn. However, Toto even smiled when he saw a particular film poster. 2. The rusty anchors by the seashore symbolized Tot’s views on life and love that were greatly influenced by films, and his loyalty and commitment to films. He was severely attached to his love or Elena, being and his village life, even when clearly there were a lot of other opportunities to pursue his passion. Alfred tried to explain that like the deep blue sea beyond there is a bigger world for Toto to explore, a world which will develop his passion and talents fully, and reach his potential. The unwinding yarn that was knitted by Salvatore mom symbolized Tot’s life unwinding itself as he was back where he came from. It hinted that he came back to search himself for unsettled questions. He looked back to his life that was once a dream. Finally, fortunately he got answers and remembered where e came from. The demolition of Cinema Paradise symbolized a new beginning for the townspeople of Canonical, and new advancement in technology which was the television. Let symbolized the destruction of the old way of living of the Canonical community. Because this structure served as the heart of the tofu wherein people gathered and bonded with each other, the demolition symbolized the end of Alfalfa’s life and the increased distance among the townspeople like Tot’s life. But, even though the building was destroyed, the townspeople gathered one last time to mourn, heirs and relive the memories of Cinema Paradise. Their tradition may be lost, but it has opened new opportunities to build a new tradition. 3. Think his act of breaking up Salvatore and Elena was wrong though he was filled with good intentions. He thought this was the right thing to do for Toto to have a good life. With this act, it seemed like he truly cared for Tot’s future, like a father would care for his children. But, he did not give Toto to freely decide for his destiny He forced him to choose only one option. Their relationship was not even hurting anyone. If he purely and truly loved Toto, he would have guided him better, let him learn, grow, decide for himself and with the risk of mistakes. Even though what he did was wrong, somehow viewers can sympathize to Alfalfa’s good intentions and as to why he did this: he lived a life of regret because he did not have the good life he aspired for. Yet, I think he was a possessive selfish father that caused more harm than good to Toto. 4. I think the scene where teary-eyed Salvatore was watching the montage of kissing scenes gave us a look at his relationship with Alfred and Elena. Movies were an essential part of his life. The kissing scenes in movies were censored so it led him to be fascinated and curious. When he finally watched the kissing scenes, it made him wistful, happy, and teary-eyed because he felt Alfalfa’s love for Toto, and his overwhelming praise to Tot’s achievements. Let served as a gift, a prize and a reward to Toto. Also, the scene interpreted the ephemeral passionate and glorious past and unfortunate future with Elena. Elena was his one and only true love. It stirred up his emotions and his passionate memories of youth and love with Elena. How to cite Cinema Paradiso Analytical Paper, Papers

Taoism, Confucianism And Buddhism Essay Example For Students

Taoism, Confucianism And Buddhism Essay Taoism is one of the two great philosophical and religious traditions that originated in China. The other religion native to China is Confucianism. Both Taoism and Confucianism began at about the same time, around the sixth century B.C.E. China’s third great religion, Buddhism, came to China from India around the second century of the common era. Together, these three faiths have shaped Chinese life and thought for nearly twenty-five hundred years (Legge1, 124). One dominate concept in Taoism and Buddhism is the belief in some form of reincarnation. The idea that life does not end when one dies is an integral part of these religions and the culture of the Chinese people. Reincarnation, life after death, beliefs are not standardized. Each religion has a different way of applying this concept to its beliefs. This paper will describe the reincarnation concepts as they apply to Taoism and Buddhism, and then provide a comparison of the two. We will write a custom essay on Taoism, Confucianism And Buddhism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The goal in Taoism is to achieve Tao, to find the way. Tao is the ultimate reality, a presence that existed before the universe was formed and which continues to guide the world and everything in it. Tao is sometimes identified as the Mother, or the source of all things. That source is not a god or a supreme being, as Taoism is not monotheistic. The focus is not to worship one god, but instead on coming into harmony with Tao (Legge 8). Tao is the essence of everything that is right, and complications exist only because people choose to complicate their own lives. Desire, ambition, fame, and selfishness are seen as hindrances to a harmonious life. It is only when a person rids himself of all desires that Tao can be achieved. By shunning every earthly distraction, the Taoist is able to concentrate on life itself. The longer the person’s life, the more saintly the person is presumed to have become. Eventually the hope is to become immortal, to achieve Tao, to have reached the dee per life. This is the after life for a Taoist, to be in harmony with the universe, to have achieved Tao (Legge2, 65). To understand the relationship between life, and the Taoism concept of life and death, the origin of the word Tao must be understood. The Chinese character for Tao is a combination of two characters that represent the words head and foot. The character for foot represents the idea of a person’s direction or path. The character for head also suggests a beginning, and a foot, an ending. Thus the character for Tao also conveys the continuing course of the universe, the circle of heaven and earth. Finally, the character for Tao represents the Taoist idea that the eternal Tao is both moving and unmoving. The head in the character means the beginning, the source of all things, or Tao itself, which never moves or changes; the foot is the movement on the path (Cooper, 122). Taoism upholds the belief in the survival of the spirit after death. â€Å"To have attained th e human form must be always a source of joy and then to undergo countless transitions, with only the infinite to look forward to, what comparable bliss is that! Therefore it is that the truly wise rejoice in, that which can never be lost, but endures always† (Leek, 190). Taoist believe that birth is not a beginning and death is not an end. There is an existence without limit. Applying reincarnation theory to Taoism is the belief that the soul never dies; a person’s soul is eternal. â€Å"You see death in contrast to life; and both are unreal – both are changing and seeming. Your soul does not glide out of a familiar sea into an unfamiliar ocean. That which is real in you, your soul, can never pass away, and this fear is no part of her† (Legge2, 199). In the writings of The Tao Te King, Tao is described as having existed before heaven and earth. Tao is formless, stands alone without change and reaches everywhere without harm. The Taoist is told to use the l ight that is inside to revert to the natural clearness of sight. By divesting oneself of all external distractions and desires, only then can one achieve Tao. In ancient days a Taoist that had transcended birth and death, achieved Tao, was said to have cut the Thread of Life (Cooper, 13). The soul, or spirit, in Taoism does not die at death. The soul is not reborn, it migrates to another life. This process, the Taoist version of reincarnation, is repeated until Tao is achieved. The following translation from The Tao Te King best summarizes the theory behind Tao and how a Taoist can achieve Tao. The Great Way is very smooth, but the people love the by-paths†¦The wearing of gay embroidered robes, the carrying of sharp swords, fastidiousness in food and drink, superabundance of property and wealth: this I call flaunting robbery; most assuredly it is not Tao†¦He who acts in accordance with Tao, becomes one with Tao†¦Being akin to Heaven, he possesses Tao. Possessed of Ta o, he endures forever†¦Being great (Tao) passes on; passing on, it becomes remote; having become remote, it returns (Cooper, 109). .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 , .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 .postImageUrl , .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 , .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87:hover , .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87:visited , .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87:active { border:0!important; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87:active , .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87 .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a2f0e9dc80173910f49be227b963f87:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physician assisted suicide EssayThe followers of the Buddha believe life goes on and on in many reincarnations or rebirths. The eternal hope for all followers of Buddha is that through reincarnation one comes back into successively better lives – until one achieves the goal of being free from pain and suffering and not having to come back again. This wheel of rebirth, known as samsara, goes on forever or until one achieves Nirvana. The Buddhist definition of Nirvana is â€Å"the highest state of spiritual bliss, as absolute immortality through absorption of the soul into itself, but preserving individuality† (Reat, 57). Birth is not the beginning and death is not the end. This cycle of life has no beginning and can go on forever without an end. The ultimate goal for every Buddhist, Nirvana, represents total enlightenment and liberation. Only through achieving this goal is one liberated from the never ending round of birth, death, and rebirth (Reat, 73). Transmigration, the Buddhist cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, involves not the reincarnation of a spirit but the rebirth of a consciousness containing the seeds of good and evil deeds. Buddhism’s world of transmigration encompasses three stages. The first stage is concerned with desire, which goes against the teachings of Buddha, is the lowest form and involves a rebirth into any number of hells. The second stage is one in which animals dominate. But after many reincarnations in this stage the spirit becomes more and more human, until one attains a deep spiritual understanding. At this point in the second stage the Buddhist gradually begins to abandon materialism and seek a con templative life. The Buddhist in the third stage is ultimately able to put his ego to the side and become a pure spirit, having no perception of the material world. This stage requires one to move from perception to non-perception. And so, through many stages of spiritual evolution and numerous reincarnat6ions, the Buddhist reaches the state of Nirvana (Leek, 171). The transition from one stage to another, or the progression within a stage is based on the actions of the Buddhist. All actions are simply the display of thought, the will of man. This will is caused by character, and character is manufactured from karma. Karma means action or doing. Any kind of intentional action whether mental, verbal, or physical, is regarded as karma. All good and bad actions constitute karma. As is the karma, so is the will of the man. A person’s karma determines what he deserves and what goals can be achieved. The Buddhists past life actions determine the next life, all is determined by the Buddhist’s karma (Reat, 20). Buddha developed a doctrine known as the Four Noble Truths based on his experience and inspiration about the nature of life. These truths are the basis for all schools of Buddhism. The fourth truth describes the way to overcome personal desire through the Eightfold Path. Buddha called his path the Middle Way, because it lies between a life of luxury and a life of poverty. Not everyone can reach the goal of Nirvana, but every Buddhist is at least on the path toward enlightenment. To achieve Nirvana the Buddhist must follow the steps of the Eightfold Path. 1. Right knowledge is knowledge of what life is all about; knowledge of the Four Noble Truths is basic to any further growth as a Buddhist. 2. Right Aspiration means a clear devotion to being on the Path toward Enlightenment. 3. Right Speech involves both clarity of what is said and speaking kindly and without malice. 4. Right Behavior involves reflection on one’s behavior and the reasons for it. It also involves five basic laws of behavior for Buddhists: not to kill, steal, lie, drink intoxicants, or commit sexual offenses. 5. Right Livelihood involves choosing an occupation that keeps an individual on the Path; that is, a path that promotes life and well-being, rather than the accumulation of a lot of money. .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 , .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 .postImageUrl , .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 , .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641:hover , .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641:visited , .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641:active { border:0!important; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641:active , .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641 .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1605b7b2ea963fb9e8facc4069354641:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Earthquake San Francisco- 1906 Essay6. Right Effort means training the will and curbing selfish passions and wants. It also means placing oneself along the Path toward Enlightenment. 7. Right Mindfulness implies continuing self-examination and awareness. 8. Right Concentration is the final goal to be absorbed into a state of Nirvana Compliance to the path does not guarantee reaching Nirvana, but it is the only path that leads to Nirvana. Only through following this path established by Buddha does a Buddhist have a chance to reach enlightenment, to free oneself from the continuous rounds of birth, death, and rebirth, to have reached the ultimate goal – to be absorbed into a state of Nirvana. The goal in both Taoism and Buddhism is to reach the ultimate goal, to transcend life on earth as a physical being, to achieve harmony with nature and the universe. The ultimate goal for both religions is to achieve immortality. The Taoist called this ultimate goal Tao, while the Buddhist seek Nirvana. Whatever the name, the followers of these religions believe there is an existence beyond life which can be achieved provided the right path or behavior is followed. The paths to Tao and Nirvana are similar, yet different. Both believe there i s an inner light to guide a person to achieve eternal bliss. â€Å"The teaching regarding the inner light is just as prominent in the Taoist schools as it is among the practices of Buddhism† (Reat, 36). The inner light concept is similar, but the actual path is the difference between the Taoism and Buddhism. The path toward enlightenment for the Buddhist was defined by Buddha in his Eightfold Path. Only through following this path does the Buddhist reach Nirvana. The path to Tao is individual, it comes from within. No one can define a path for the Taoist; it must come from the inner light. â€Å"Tao means way, but in the original and succeeding manuscripts no direct path is explored or expounded. Desire, ambition, fame, and selfishness are seen as complications. That idea is consistent with Buddhist teachings; it is the personal life of each individual that gives Taoism its special form† (Leek, 188). Taoism and Buddhism perceive life, death, and rebirth as a continuous cycle. This cycle has no beginning and no end. The soul is eternal, yet the soul is not the object of reincarnation. Taoists believe the soul is not reborn, it â€Å"migrates to another life† (Legge1, 109). Buddhist also believe the soul is not reborn, but instead a â€Å"consciousness containing the seeds of good and evil deeds† is the object of rebirth (Leek, 171). One major difference between Taoism and Buddhism is the concept of karma to the Buddhist. This idea that all actions are the display of thought, the will of man, is known as karma. Karma determines where in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth the consciousness return. This return can be in the form of an animal or human, and the Buddhist must progress through a hierarchy to achieve Nirvana (Leek, 171). The Taoist has no concept similar to karma, and no mention of the soul migrating to an animal form. The determining factor to one’s life is contained in the individual behavior fro the Taoist. By forsaking personal desires in life, by concentrating of the self, a longer life is prolonged. Eventually, by following the inner light, immortality can be achieved. The similarities between Taoism and Buddhism in the belief of life after death far outweigh the differences. Both religions believe the individual must focus on the self to achieve the ultimate goal. To focus on oneself, all desires and personal ambitions must be forsaken. One must focus on the self and the proper way of life to reach immortality. The cycle of life continues indefinitely until the Thread of Life is broken. Only through proper living, by following the correct path guided by the inner light, can one achieve the ultimate goal of Tao or Nirvana. Religion Taoism, Confucianism And Buddhism Essay Example For Students Taoism, Confucianism And Buddhism Essay Taoism is one of the two great philosophical and religious traditions that originated in China. The other religion native to China is Confucianism. Both Taoism and Confucianism began at about the same time, around the sixth century B.C.E. Chinas third great religion, Buddhism, came to China from India around the second century of the common era. Together, these three faiths have shaped Chinese life and thought for nearly twenty-five hundred years (Legge1, 124). One dominate concept in Taoism and Buddhism is the belief in some form of reincarnation. The idea that life does not end when one dies is an integral part of these religions and the culture of the Chinese people. Reincarnation, life after death, beliefs are not standardized. Each religion has a different way of applying this concept to its beliefs. We will write a custom essay on Taoism, Confucianism And Buddhism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This paper will describe the reincarnation concepts as they apply to Taoism and Buddhism, and then provide a comparison of the two. The goal in Taoism is to achieve Tao, to find the way. Tao is the ultimate reality, a presence that existed before the universe was formed and which continues to guide the world and everything in it. Tao is sometimes identified as the Mother, or the source of all things. That source is not a god or a supreme being, as Taoism is not monotheistic. The focus is not to worship one god, but instead on coming into harmony with Tao (Legge 8). Tao is the essence of everything that is right, and complications exist only because people choose to complicate their own lives. Desire, ambition, fame, and selfishness are seen as hindrances to a harmonious life. It is only when a person rids himself of all desires that Tao can be achieved. By shunning every earthly distraction, the Taoist is able to concentrate on life itself. The longer the persons life, the more saintly the person is presumed to have become. Eventually the hope is to become immortal, to achieve Tao, to have reached the deeper life. This is the after life for a Taoist, to be in harmony with the universe, to have achieved Tao (Legge2, 65). To understand the relationship between life, and the Taoism concept of life and death, the origin of the word Tao must be understood. The Chinese character for Tao is a combination of two characters that represent the words head and foot. The character for foot represents the idea of a persons direction or path. The character for head also suggests a beginning, and a foot, an ending. Thus the character for Tao also conveys the continuing course of the universe, the circle of heaven and earth. Finally, the character for Tao represents the Taoist idea that the eternal Tao is both moving and unmoving. The head in the character means the beginning, the source of all things, or Tao itself, which never moves or changes; the foot is the movement on the path (Cooper, 122). Taoism upholds the belief in the survival of the spirit after death. To have attained the human form must be always a source of joy and then to undergo countless transitions, with only the infinite to look forward to, what comparable bliss is that! Therefore it is that the truly wise rejoice in, that which can never be lost, but endures always (Leek, 190). Taoist believe that birth is not a beginning and death is not an end. There is an existence without limit. Applying reincarnation theory to Taoism is the belief that the soul never dies; a persons soul is eternal. You see death in contrast to life; and both are unreal both are changing and seeming. Your soul does not glide out of a familiar sea into an unfamiliar ocean. That which is real in you, your soul, can never pass away, and this fear is no part of her (Legge2, 199). In the writings of The Tao Te King, Tao is described as having existed before heaven and earth. Tao is formless, stands alone without change and reaches everywhere without harm. .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 , .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 .postImageUrl , .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 , .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19:hover , .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19:visited , .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19:active { border:0!important; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19:active , .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19 .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u50f18d97fc25e217ea00842f814ecd19:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sexual Harassment Essay The Taoist is told to use the light that is inside to revert to the natural clearness of sight. By divesting oneself of all external .

Essay about Calvanism And Phenomonology

Essay about Calvanism And Phenomonology Essay about Calvanism And Phenomonology Calvanism and Phenomenology. Calvanism: Weber Said that Religion can create a capitalist work ethic. Weber’s book ‘The Protestant Work Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism’ looked at how religious ideas of Calvanism brought about social change. He spotted two things; Predestination: This is the idea that your life and whether you’re going to heaven are predetermined by God. Calvanism believed only a few were chosen for heaven. This created anxiety – no one knew if they were one of the chosen. Ascetic Ideal: Working hard in your job was a solution to this anxiety. Success might be a sign that you were chosen for heaven. Earl Calvinists lived a strict and disciplined life to hard work and simple pleasures. Protestant Ethic emphasized norms and values such as hard work, profit, avoiding ill health and self-indulgence. This allowed industrialisation to take place. Weber claimed that the ascetic ideal helped create an ethic of disciplined hard work. This is the spirit of capitalism. Not only was there a build-up of capital, there was the right work ethic for capitalism. Religion indirectly bought about social change. However, Eisenstadt (1967) contradicts Weber’s theory by claiming capitalism occurred in Catholic countries like Italy before the Protestant Reformation happened, and before the ideas of Calvin ever came out. Phenomenology: Phenomenological sociology was first developed by Alfred Schutz and is based on the idea of a social construction of reality through interaction among people who use symbols to interpret one

Woolly Worm Caterpillars and Winter Forecasts and Folklore

Woolly Worm Caterpillars and Winter Forecasts and Folklore Every October, NOAAs Climate Prediction Center releases a winter outlook to give the public the best possible scientific prediction of how the winter may shape up across the nation; but in the pre-NOAA days, folks got this same information from a more humble sourcethe Woolly Bear caterpillar.  Ã‚   Called woolly bears in the Midwest and Northeast, and woolly worms in the Southern U.S., Woolly Bear caterpillars are the larvae of Isabella tiger moths. Theyre common to the United States, northern Mexico, and the southern third of Canada, and are easily recognized by their short, stiff bristles of reddish-brown  and black fur. How to Read a Woollys Colors According to folklore, the woolly worms coloring is said to indicate how severe  the coming winter will be in the local area  where the caterpillar  is found.  The Woolly Bear caterpillars body  has 13 distinct segments. According to weather lore, each one corresponds to one of the 13 weeks of winter. Each black band  represents one week of colder, snowier, and more severe winter conditions, whereas orange bands indicate  that many weeks of milder temperatures. (Some even believe that the position of the bands which part of winter. For example, if the tail end of the caterpillar is black, it means that winters end will be severe.)  Ã‚   Two other versions  of this folklore exist. The first relates the severity of winter to  the thickness of the caterpillars coat. (Thicker coats signal  colder winters, and a sparse coat, milder winters.)  The final  variation deals with the direction in which the caterpillar  crawls. (If a woolly crawls in a southerly direction it means hes trying to escape the cold winter conditions of the north. If he travels on a northward path, that indicates a mild winter.)    Significance of Solid-Colored Woolly Worms Not all woolly worms have alternating orange  and black markings. Occasionally, youll spot one thats all brown, all black, or solid white. Like their brown and black relatives, they too have : Orange:  Just as reddish-brown segments signal a week of mild temperatures, an all brown caterpillar  suggests  an overall mild winter with above-normal temperatures and insignificant snowfall.Black: An all black caterpillar  signals the onset of a very hard upcoming winter.White (sand-colored): White woolly worms are said to predict winter snowfall. Spotting one is supposedly a strong indicator that heavier than average snows   or even a blizzard   can be expected in the region during the winter season.   How Fame Found the Woolly Worm The woolly worms talent was first discovered in the late 1940s by Dr. Charles Curran, former curator of insects at New York City’s Museum of Natural History. As the story goes, Dr. Curran measured the coloration of woolly bear caterpillars between 1948 and 1956  at  Bear Mountain State Park. During those years, he found that 5.3 to 5.6 of the observed caterpillars 13 body segments were  orange. As his counts suggested, the winters for each of those years turned out to  indeed be  mild.  A reporter friend of Currans leaked his  forecasts to a NYC newspaper,  and  the  publicity the story  generated made woolly  bear caterpillars a household name. Is the Folklore True? Dr. Curran found that the width of reddish-brown fur correctly matched the winter type with 80% accuracy. While his data samples were small, for some people this was enough to legitimize  the folklore.  However, for the majority of todays  professionals, it isnt sufficient data. They argue that not only is a woolly bears coloring  based on its age and species, but also  that it would take researching an awful lot of caterpillars in one place over a great many years in order to make any conclusions about  woollys and  winter weather. One thing most can agree on is that regardless of whether or not the folklore is true,  its a harmless and fun autumn tradition to take part in. When and Where  to Spot  Woolly Worms Woolly worms are usually seen  in autumn  on sidewalks and  roadways.  If you do meet one, dont expect it to hang around for long. Woollys are busy creatures, always on-the-go  searching for a cozy home underneath a rock or log to overwinter in. They  move  pretty fast too (as worms go)!  Ã‚   One sure-fire  way to meet a woolly is to attend a  woolly worm festival. 2016  Woolly Worm Festivals Like  the  groundhog, woolly worms have become so  popular, several festivals have sprouted up across the United States to honor them. The  longest-running festivals are celebrated in:   Vermilion, Ohio. Ohios annual  Woollybear Festival  is one of the longest-running in the US. The festival started more than four decades ago, when  TV weatherman, Mr. Dick Goddard, proposed the idea of a celebration built around using the worm to forecast the upcoming winter. He still hosts the festival to this day.  This years festival is scheduled to be held October 2, 2016. Banner Elk, North  Carolina.  Held every third weekend in October.  This years 39th Annual Woolly Worm festival dates are October 15-16, 2016.   Beattyville, Kentucky. Beattyvilles Woolly Worm Festival is always the last full weekend in October.  This years 29th annual festival will take place October 21-23,  2016.   Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Currently in its 19th year, this years festival will take place on October 15, 2016. If youre a fan of woolly worm festivals, let us also recommend these weather-focused festivals.

Fiscal policy and the US economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fiscal policy and the US economy - Essay Example 'Auerbach and Feenberg (2000) have estimated that automatic tax stabilizers offset about 8% of the impact of an economic shock to GDP.'(Economic Research and Data. The Role of Fiscal Policy. 2002) Mere anticipation of projected fiscal action can have an impact on the U.S. economy. Households and business enterprises will operate their individual spending habits based on both present economics as well as future economics. For instance, a tax cut will leave households will more disposable income, however, if the tax cut is looked upon as a temporary measure it will not contribute to increased consumer expenditure. Similarly, investment tax credits which will only lower the cost of investment ventures on a temporary basis will likely encourage investors to time their spending so as to capitalize on the tax credit initiatives. It is therefore imperative that fiscal policy be considered and conducted in such a manner as to take into consideration the likely impact of both the current and future implications. 'When expectations of future fiscal policy are important, "expansionary" fiscal policy-an increase in government spending, for example-may actually be contractionary'. (Economic Research and Data. The Role of Fiscal Policy. ... It can also influence financial markets to anticipate future tax hikes. The implications are detrimental to the general economy. As a result, long-term interest rates will go up, investors will hold back somewhat on investments thereby circumventing the government's intended expansionary effects of its spending. During the country's recession of the 1990-1991 fiscal year the President Bill Clinton's Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) made a similar observation: 'an attempted stimulus that abandoned, or was perceived to abandon, serious discipline on the growth of future spending or on the reduction in the multiyear structural deficit probably would produce a substantial rise in interest rates. That would offset a large portion of the direct stimulus in the short run and would leave the economy thereafter with a higher cost of capital, which would be detrimental to investment necessary for long-run growth.'(US President. 1992. p.25) According to Alesina, Perotti and Tavares a reduction in deficits are more likely to be expansionary when they entail government spending cuts and government salaries as well as transfers. These cuts have the effect of indicating decreases in government spending activity on a permanent basis and as a result there is a general public perception that taxes will be decreased in the future. On the other hand, decreases in the deficit which are accomplished via tax increases appear to be 'contractionary'.(Alesina. 1998. pp-197-248. The US government's role in the nation's economy cannot be accomplished by merely regulating its fiscal spending and management. The government can only achieve the best results possible for the good of the US

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